Christmas trees are arguably the most defining staple of the Christmas season. From town squares to living room windows, the lights and ornaments on Christmas trees are seen all over the world during the holiday season. But where did the tradition come from?
The use of trees as spiritual symbolism dates back to ancient times, well before Christmas or Christianity at all. Pagan cultures, including the Romans and Celts, used evergreen trees during winter solstice celebrations, historically celebrated the same week as Christmas, give or take a few days. The evergreen plant was believed to ward off evil spirits and welcome prosperity, something needed during the darkest days of the year.
When the Christians came to Europe, they adopted many pagan traditions into their own practices, rebranding them to be acceptable to Christianity. The use of evergreen trees was a part of their rebranding, and by the Middle Ages, the trees came to represent themes of eternal life and resurrection.
Modern use of the Christmas tree began around 16th-century Germany. Some credit Martin Luther, a well-known Protestant reformer, for popularizing the Christmas tree. It’s said he was inspired by the beauty of the tree and added light with candles as a representation of the heavens.
Throughout the next few centuries, the Christmas tree gained popularity throughout Europe, especially in England during the reign of Queen Victoria. Her husband, Prince Albert, who was from Germany, introduced the tradition to the English royal family, propelling the tradition through England. By the end of the 19th-century, German immigrants brought the Christmas tree tradition to the U.S., Americanizing the custom.
But why evergreen trees? And why do we decorate them?
Evergreen trees remain green and full all year, unlike many other trees that lose their leaves. For centuries, people saw it as a symbol for eternal life, resilience, and hope. The symbolism of these trees was especially important during the cold winter months when many people would begin to struggle. Historically, the trees were decorated with fruits and nuts, symbolizing good fortune and abundance. Over the years, they’ve evolved into the decorative ornaments used today. The star or angel often placed on top of the tree is meant to represent the guiding light that led the three Magi to Bethlehem at Jesus’ birth.
The use of the evergreen tree has evolved from a pagan practice to a Christian custom to now a much-loved holiday tradition that has taken root all over the world.